{"hq_id":"hq-p-wer-000009","name":"Dry-Cleaned Garments with Residual Tetrachloroethylene (PCE)","category":{"primary":"clothing_apparel","secondary":"","tags":[]},"product_tier":"WER","overall_risk_level":"low","description":"Residual PCE in freshly dry-cleaned garments; inhalation during wear and storage; dermal absorption; vapor off-gassing continues for days; no disclosure of solvent used or residual levels Key materials: Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) Vapor Intrusion from Dry Cleaner Sites.","synthesis":{"derived_risk_level":"extreme","synthesis_confidence":0.87,"synthesis_method":"compound_composition","context_used":"human_child","context_source":"product_users","exposure_modifier":1.265,"vulnerability_escalated":false,"escalation_reason":null,"compounds_resolved":1,"compounds_total":1,"synthesis_date":"2026-03-27","synthesis_version":"1.0.0"},"hazard_summary":{"overall_risk":"low","primary_concerns":["Overall risk level: low."],"sensitive_populations":"","exposure_routes":""},"exposure":{"routes":["dermal"],"contact_types":["dermal","inhalation"],"users":["adult","child"],"duration":"hours","frequency":"daily","scenarios":["Incidental mouthing or hand-to-mouth transfer by children"],"notes":"Exposure to Dry-Cleaned Garments with Residual Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) occurs via dermal. Children and infants face higher exposure per body weight due to developing detoxification systems, higher surface-area-to-weight ratio, and behavioral factors (mouthing, crawling)."},"consumer_guidance":{"red_flags":[{"indicator":"Identified safety concern","meaning":"Overall risk level: low.","action":"Review safety data; follow use guidelines; consider alternatives"}],"green_flags":[{"indicator":"Third-party safety tested","meaning":"Independent laboratory verification of safety claims","verification":"Check for recognized certification marks and test reports"}],"what_to_ask":[{"question":"What safety testing has this product undergone?","why_it_matters":"Third-party testing provides independent verification of safety claims"}],"alternatives":[{"name":"Wet cleaning or water-based dry cleaning","notes":"Uses safer solvents with minimal toxic residue"},{"name":"GreenEarth cleaning (siloxane-based)","notes":"Non-toxic solvent alternative with lower health risk"},{"name":"Hand wash or gentle machine wash garments","notes":"Eliminates solvent exposure entirely when fabric care allows"}],"notes":null},"regulatory":{"applicable_regulations":[{"jurisdiction":"USA","regulation":"Textile Fiber Products Identification Act + Flammable Fabrics Act","citation":null,"requirements":"Fiber content disclosure. Flammability standards. Care labeling.","compliance_status":null,"effective_date":null,"enforcing_agency":null,"penalties":null,"source_ref":null},{"jurisdiction":"EU","regulation":"REACH Annex XVII — Textile Restrictions","citation":null,"requirements":"AZO dye restrictions. Formaldehyde limits (75 mg/kg for direct skin contact). PFAS restrictions under proposal.","compliance_status":null,"effective_date":null,"enforcing_agency":null,"penalties":null,"source_ref":null}],"certifications":[{"name":"OEKO-TEX Standard 100","issuer":"OEKO-TEX","standard":"OEKO-TEX Standard 100","scope":"Textile chemical safety testing"}],"labeling":{"required_disclosures":[],"prop65_warning":{"required":null,"chemicals":[],"endpoint":null,"notes":null},"ghs_labeling":{"required":null,"signal_word":null,"pictograms":[],"hazard_statements":[],"notes":null},"hidden_ingredients":{"trade_secret_protected":null,"categories_hidden":[],"estimated_count":null,"known_concerns":null,"notes":null},"notes":null},"recalls":[],"regulatory_gap":null,"notes":null},"lifecycle":{"recyclable":false,"disposal_guidance":"Donate or textile recycling","hazardous_waste":false,"expected_lifespan":"1-3_years"},"formulation":{"form":"composite_material","key_ingredients":[{"hq_id":null,"name":"Primary component","role":"base_material","concentration_pct":"70-80"},{"hq_id":null,"name":"Secondary component","role":"additive","concentration_pct":"10-20"},{"hq_id":null,"name":"Filler or coating","role":"filler","concentration_pct":"5-10"}],"certifications":[]},"materials":{"common":[{"material_id":"hq-m-env-000037","material_name":"Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) Vapor Intrusion from Dry Cleaner Sites","component":null,"prevalence":"common"}],"concerning":[{"material_id":"hq-m-env-000037","concern":"Co-occurring indoor VOCs","compounds_of_concern":["Co-occurring indoor VOCs"],"source_refs":[]},{"material_id":"hq-m-env-000037","concern":"Potential contaminant: Co-occurring indoor VOCs","compounds_of_concern":[],"source_refs":[]}],"preferred":[]},"compound_composition":[{"hq_id":"hq-c-org-000037","compound_name":"Tetrachloroethylene (PCE, perchloroethylene)","role":"base","typical_concentration":null}],"identifiers":{"common_names":["dry-cleaned garments with residual tetrachloroethylene"],"brands":["Dry-cleaned business clothing, formal wear, specialty fabrics","Conventional dry cleaning (80% of US dry cleaners still use PCE as of 2024)"],"aliases":[],"manufacturer":null},"brand_examples":[{"brand":"Generic Mass-Market Brand A","manufacturer":"Consumer Products Corporation","market_position":"mass_market","notable":"Widely available mass-market option"},{"brand":"Generic Mass-Market Brand B","manufacturer":"Consumer Goods Ltd","market_position":"mass_market","notable":"Popular budget alternative"},{"brand":"Premium Brand A","manufacturer":"Premium Consumer Inc","market_position":"premium","notable":"Upscale premium positioning"},{"brand":"Professional Brand","manufacturer":"Professional Products Co","market_position":"professional","notable":"Professional/salon-grade option"},{"brand":"Specialty Eco-Brand","manufacturer":"Natural Products Ltd","market_position":"premium","notable":"Sustainable/natural product line"}],"sources":[{"id":"epa_guidance","type":"reference","notes":"https://www.epa.gov/vaporintrusion/","inherited_from":"hq-m-env-000037"},{"id":"usgs_study","type":"reference","notes":"USGS PCE groundwater contamination survey","inherited_from":"hq-m-env-000037"},{"id":"atsdr_profile","type":"reference","notes":"ATSDR tetrachloroethylene toxicological profile","inherited_from":"hq-m-env-000037"}],"meta":{"schema_version":"4.0.0","last_updated":"2026-03-25","timestamp":"2026-05-02T18:16:09.009Z"}}