{"hq_id":"hq-p-pet-000040","name":"Horse Feed Supplements (Selenium, Vitamin E, Electrolytes)","category":{"primary":"pet_care","secondary":"equine","tags":["horse supplement","selenium","equine","vitamin E","electrolytes","toxicity"]},"product_tier":"PET","overall_risk_level":"moderate_to_high","description":"Feed supplements for horses including selenium/vitamin E (for white muscle disease prevention), electrolyte pastes, joint supplements, and hoof biotin. Selenium has the narrowest therapeutic window of any essential nutrient — toxic dose is only 5-10x the required dose. Selenium toxicity (selenosis) causes hoof sloughing, hair loss, and death in horses.","synthesis":{"derived_risk_level":"low","synthesis_confidence":0.82,"synthesis_method":"compound_composition","context_used":"human_adult","context_source":"product_users","exposure_modifier":0.977,"vulnerability_escalated":false,"escalation_reason":null,"compounds_resolved":2,"compounds_total":2,"synthesis_date":"2026-03-27","synthesis_version":"1.0.0"},"hazard_summary":{"sensitive_populations":"horses (narrow selenium therapeutic window)","overall_risk":"moderate_to_high","primary_concerns":["Selenium toxicity with only 5-10x safety margin between required and toxic doses","Feed mixing errors causing mass selenium poisoning events"],"exposure_routes":"Oral supplementation in feed"},"exposure":{"routes":["oral"],"contact_types":["oral_direct"],"users":["adult"],"duration":"minutes","frequency":"daily","scenarios":["Daily selenium supplementation with narrow safety margin","Handler exposure during administration (minimal)","Accidental double-dosing or feed mixing errors"],"notes":"NRC selenium requirement for horses: 1-3 mg/day. Toxic dose: 5-20 mg/day. Chronic selenosis at >5 mg/day. The margin between deficiency and toxicity is the narrowest of any essential mineral. Multiple cases of mass horse deaths from selenium over-supplementation in feed."},"consumer_guidance":{"usage_warning":"Test forage selenium content before supplementing. Do not combine multiple selenium-containing supplements. Follow exact veterinary dosing. Never estimate selenium doses.","safer_alternatives":["Veterinary-supervised selenium status testing before supplementation","Whole-feed approaches with known selenium content","Injectable veterinary selenium (controlled dose, professional administration)"],"red_flags":[{"indicator":"Product not veterinarian-recommended or approved","meaning":"Unverified safety and efficacy for intended use.","action":"Consult veterinarian before use. Choose NASC or VOHC certified products."}],"green_flags":[{"indicator":"NASC quality seal or veterinary recommendation","meaning":"Third-party quality verification and professional endorsement.","verification":"Look for NASC seal, VOHC acceptance, or FDA CVM approval."}],"what_to_ask":[{"question":"Is this product safe for my specific pet species and breed?","why_it_matters":"Species-specific toxicity varies dramatically (e.g., permethrin lethal to cats, xylitol lethal to dogs).","good_answer":"Yes, tested and labeled for your specific species/breed.","bad_answer":"Generic or unspecified species safety."}],"alternatives":[{"name":"Veterinary-supervised selenium status testing before supplementation","notes":"Safer option"},{"name":"Whole-feed approaches with known selenium content","notes":"Safer option"},{"name":"Injectable veterinary selenium","notes":"controlled dose, professional administration"}]},"regulatory":{"applicable_regulations":[{"jurisdiction":"USA","regulation":"EPA FIFRA (for pesticide products)","citation":null,"requirements":"Pesticide registration required for flea/tick products. Label directions legally binding.","compliance_status":null,"effective_date":null,"enforcing_agency":"EPA","penalties":null,"source_ref":null},{"jurisdiction":"USA","regulation":"FDA CVM (Center for Veterinary Medicine)","citation":"21 CFR 500-599","requirements":"Animal drugs, feeds, and supplements subject to FDA CVM oversight.","compliance_status":null,"effective_date":null,"enforcing_agency":"FDA CVM","penalties":null,"source_ref":null}],"certifications":[],"labeling":{"required_disclosures":[],"prop65_warning":{"required":null,"chemicals":[],"endpoint":null,"notes":null},"ghs_labeling":{"required":null,"signal_word":null,"pictograms":[],"hazard_statements":[],"notes":null},"hidden_ingredients":{"trade_secret_protected":null,"categories_hidden":[],"estimated_count":null,"known_concerns":null,"notes":null},"notes":null},"recalls":[],"regulatory_gap":null,"notes":null},"lifecycle":{"recyclable":true,"disposal_guidance":"Regular waste. Recycle container.","hazardous_waste":false,"expected_lifespan":"months"},"formulation":{"form":"varies","key_ingredients":[{"hq_id":"hq-c-ino-000025","name":"Selenium","role":"essential_nutrient","concentration_pct":"varies"},{"hq_id":"hq-c-org-000822","name":"alpha-Tocopherol (Vitamin E)","role":"antioxidant","concentration_pct":"varies"}],"certifications":[]},"materials":{"common":[{"material_id":null,"material_name":"Primary formulation for horse feed supplements (selenium, vitamin e, electrolytes)","component":"main product","prevalence":"common","notes":"Standard materials for pet care products."}],"concerning":[],"preferred":[]},"compound_composition":[{"hq_id":"hq-c-ino-000025","compound_name":null,"role":"essential_nutrient","typical_concentration":"varies"},{"hq_id":"hq-c-org-000822","compound_name":null,"role":"antioxidant","typical_concentration":"varies"}],"identifiers":{"common_names":["horse feed supplements (selenium, vitamin e, electrolytes)"],"aliases":[],"manufacturer":null,"brands":[]},"brand_examples":[{"brand":"Purina Equine","manufacturer":"Land O'Lakes","market_position":"mass_market","notable":"Leading equine feed brand"},{"brand":"SmartPak","manufacturer":"SmartPak Equine","market_position":"premium","notable":"Customized horse supplements"},{"brand":"Farnam","manufacturer":"Central Garden & Pet","market_position":"mass_market","notable":"Equine health products"}],"sources":[{"type":"expert_curation","name":"ALETHEIA Safety Database","date":"2026-03-25"},{"type":"regulation","title":"EPA FIFRA (for pesticide products)","jurisdiction":"USA","id":"src_fa9eaec6"},{"type":"regulation","title":"FDA CVM (Center for Veterinary Medicine) (21 CFR 500-599)","jurisdiction":"USA","citation":"21 CFR 500-599","id":"src_1f46a430"},{"id":"atsdr_selenium_tox","type":"regulatory","title":"ATSDR: Toxicological Profile for Selenium — Narrow Therapeutic Window, Selenosis Signs, Brazil Nuts, Kesterson Reservoir, and Aquatic Bioaccumulation","year":2003,"inherited_from_compound":"hq-c-ino-000025"},{"id":"epa_selenium_iris","type":"regulatory","title":"US EPA IRIS: Selenium — Oral Reference Dose, Drinking Water MCL (50 ppb), Aquatic Life Criterion (1.5 μg/L tissue-based), and Selenosis Endpoint","year":2016,"inherited_from_compound":"hq-c-ino-000025"},{"id":"src_001","type":"database","title":"PubChem Compound Database","year":2026,"inherited_from_compound":"hq-c-org-000822"}],"meta":{"schema_version":"4.0.0","last_updated":"2026-03-25","timestamp":"2026-05-02T18:29:17.100Z"}}