{"hq_id":"hq-p-out-000038","name":"Camping stove fuel (white gas / naphtha)","category":{"primary":"outdoor","secondary":"camping fuel","tags":["white gas","naphtha","camping fuel","stove fuel","flammable"]},"product_tier":"OUT","overall_risk_level":"high","description":"Liquid camping stove fuel (white gas / naphtha) consisting of refined petroleum distillate with light aliphatic hydrocarbons (C5-C9). Used in pressurized liquid-fuel camping stoves. Highly flammable (flash point -40C). Primary hazards are aspiration pneumonia if ingested, flammability/fire risk, and carbon monoxide poisoning when burned in enclosed spaces (tents, snow caves). Aspiration of even small amounts (<1 mL) into lungs during vomiting is the most dangerous ingestion scenario.","synthesis":{"derived_risk_level":"high","synthesis_confidence":0.88,"synthesis_method":"compound_composition","context_used":"human_child","context_source":"product_users","exposure_modifier":1.1,"vulnerability_escalated":true,"escalation_reason":"Child exposure group","compounds_resolved":1,"compounds_total":1,"synthesis_date":"2026-03-27","synthesis_version":"1.0.0"},"hazard_summary":{"sensitive_populations":"child","overall_risk":"high","primary_concerns":["Aspiration pneumonia: ingestion + vomiting drives fuel into lungs","Carbon monoxide poisoning: enclosed stove use in tents/shelters","Extreme flammability: flash point -40C; fire/explosion risk during refueling"],"exposure_routes":"ingestion (aspiration), inhalation (CO, vapors), dermal"},"exposure":{"routes":["ingestion","inhalation","dermal"],"contact_types":["oral_incidental","inhalation","skin_direct"],"users":["adult","child"],"duration":"acute","frequency":"occasional","scenarios":["Aspiration from ingestion (drinking from fuel bottle)","CO poisoning from stove use in tent or enclosed shelter","Flare-up/fire during stove lighting or refueling","Skin contact during refueling"],"notes":"CRITICAL: Using liquid-fuel stoves inside tents or enclosed spaces produces carbon monoxide. Multiple camping deaths from CO poisoning each year."},"consumer_guidance":{"red_flags":[{"indicator":"Stove use inside tent/shelter","meaning":"Carbon monoxide poisoning risk — potentially fatal","action":"ALWAYS cook outside or in fully ventilated vestibule with CO detector"}],"green_flags":[],"what_to_ask":[],"alternatives":[{"name":"Canister stove (isobutane/propane blend)","notes":"Sealed pressurized canister; no liquid fuel handling; lower spill/aspiration risk; still requires outdoor use for CO"}],"notes":null},"regulatory":{"applicable_regulations":[{"jurisdiction":"USA","regulation":"DOT hazardous materials packaging","citation":null,"requirements":"Packaging and labeling requirements for flammable liquids.","compliance_status":null,"effective_date":null,"enforcing_agency":"DOT","penalties":null,"source_ref":null}],"certifications":[],"labeling":{"required_disclosures":["Flammable","Keep away from heat/flame","Aspiration hazard"],"prop65_warning":{"required":null,"chemicals":[],"endpoint":null,"notes":null},"ghs_labeling":{"required":null,"signal_word":"DANGER","pictograms":["flame","health_hazard"],"hazard_statements":["Highly flammable liquid and vapor","May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways"],"notes":null},"hidden_ingredients":{"trade_secret_protected":null,"categories_hidden":[],"estimated_count":null,"known_concerns":null,"notes":null},"notes":null},"recalls":[],"regulatory_gap":null,"notes":null},"lifecycle":{"recyclable":false,"disposal_guidance":"Hazardous waste","hazardous_waste":true,"expected_lifespan":"5-10_years"},"formulation":{"form":"liquid","key_ingredients":[{"hq_id":"hq-c-org-000673","name":"Naphtha (petroleum distillate, C5-C9)","role":"fuel","concentration_pct":"99-100"}],"certifications":[]},"materials":{"common":[],"concerning":[],"preferred":[]},"compound_composition":[{"hq_id":"hq-c-org-000673","compound_name":"Naphtha / petroleum distillate","role":"fuel","typical_concentration":null}],"identifiers":{"common_names":["white gas","camping fuel","stove fuel","naphtha fuel","Coleman fuel"],"aliases":[],"manufacturer":null,"brands":[]},"brand_examples":[{"brand":"Generic Mass-Market Brand A","manufacturer":"Consumer Products Corporation","market_position":"mass_market","notable":"Widely available mass-market option"},{"brand":"Generic Mass-Market Brand B","manufacturer":"Consumer Goods Ltd","market_position":"mass_market","notable":"Popular budget alternative"},{"brand":"Premium Brand A","manufacturer":"Premium Consumer Inc","market_position":"premium","notable":"Upscale premium positioning"}],"sources":[{"type":"expert_curation","name":"ALETHEIA Safety Database","date":"2026-03-24"},{"type":"regulation","title":"DOT hazardous materials packaging","jurisdiction":"USA","id":"src_858211b3"},{"id":"src_001","type":"epa","title":"EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard — DTXSID4026052","url":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID4026052","accessed":"2026-03-12","notes":"Hazard, exposure, and toxicity data","inherited_from_compound":"hq-c-org-000673"},{"id":"src_002","type":"reference","title":"ATSDR Toxicological Profile — CAS 64742-88-7","url":"https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiledocs/index.html","notes":"Toxicological profile and health effects summary","inherited_from_compound":"hq-c-org-000673"}],"meta":{"schema_version":"4.0.0","last_updated":"2026-03-24","timestamp":"2026-05-01T14:20:19.113Z"}}