{"hq_id":"hq-p-hom-000158","name":"Roundup Herbicide Concentrate (Glyphosate-Based)","category":{"primary":"household","secondary":"garden","tags":["Roundup","glyphosate","herbicide","IARC 2A","Monsanto","Bayer","weed killer"]},"product_tier":"HOM","overall_risk_level":"high","description":"Consumer-grade glyphosate-based herbicide concentrate (Roundup, Spectracide, Compare-N-Save) for home garden and lawn use. IARC classified glyphosate as 'probably carcinogenic to humans' (Group 2A, 2015). EPA maintains glyphosate is 'not likely to be carcinogenic to humans.' Bayer/Monsanto paid $10.9B to settle 100,000+ non-Hodgkin lymphoma lawsuits. Detectable in 80% of US population (CDC NHANES). Consumer concentrate is typically 18-41% glyphosate vs 1-2% in ready-to-use.","synthesis":{"derived_risk_level":"moderate_to_high","synthesis_confidence":0.749,"synthesis_method":"compound_composition","context_used":"human_child","context_source":"product_users","exposure_modifier":1.1,"vulnerability_escalated":true,"escalation_reason":"Child exposure group","compounds_resolved":1,"compounds_total":1,"synthesis_date":"2026-05-09","synthesis_version":"1.2.0","methodology_note":"exposure_modifier and adjusted_magnitude are computed from ALETHEIA-calibrated heuristics (route × duration × frequency multipliers, clamped to [0.5, 1.4]). Multipliers are directionally informed by EPA Exposure Factors Handbook (2011) and CalEPA OEHHA but are not regulatory consensus. See /api/methodology for full disclosure."},"hazard_summary":{"sensitive_populations":"applicators (mixing/spraying), children re-entering treated areas","overall_risk":"high","primary_concerns":["IARC Group 2A probable carcinogen — non-Hodgkin lymphoma in applicators","$10.9B Bayer/Monsanto settlement for 100,000+ NHL lawsuits","Detectable in 80% of US population (CDC NHANES)","Consumer concentrate 18-41% — much higher than professional-grade"],"exposure_routes":"Dermal during mixing/spraying; inhalation of spray mist; oral via treated food/water"},"exposure":{"routes":["dermal","inhalation","oral"],"contact_types":["skin_brief","inhalation","oral_direct"],"users":["adult","child"],"duration":"hours","frequency":"weekly","scenarios":["Mixing and applying concentrate (highest exposure — dermal + inhalation)","Spray drift to neighboring properties","Children and pets re-entering treated lawn before recommended interval","Residue on home-grown vegetables sprayed with glyphosate"],"notes":"Consumer concentrate (18-41% glyphosate) is 10-20x more concentrated than ready-to-use spray. Mixing step creates highest exposure risk. POEA surfactant in original Roundup formulation was more toxic than glyphosate alone — reformulated in newer products. Detectable in 80% of US population via CDC NHANES biomonitoring."},"consumer_guidance":{"usage_warning":"Wear chemical-resistant gloves, long sleeves, and eye protection when mixing and applying. Do not apply on windy days (drift). Keep children and pets off treated areas for 24+ hours. Consider whether glyphosate is necessary — mechanical alternatives exist for most home uses.","safer_alternatives":["Manual weeding (zero chemical exposure)","Vinegar + salt + soap herbicide (acetic acid-based)","Flame weeding (propane torch for driveway/patio weeds)","Corn gluten meal pre-emergent (prevents weed seeds from germinating)"],"red_flags":[{"indicator":"Product involved in active regulatory review or litigation","meaning":"Safety profile under scrutiny.","action":"Monitor regulatory developments and consider alternatives."}],"green_flags":[{"indicator":"Third-party testing or regulatory certification","meaning":"Independent safety verification.","verification":"Check for relevant certifications."}],"what_to_ask":[{"question":"What is the current regulatory status of this product?","why_it_matters":"Active regulatory review may indicate emerging safety concerns.","good_answer":"Compliant with current standards and monitoring developments.","bad_answer":"No awareness of regulatory status."}],"alternatives":[{"name":"Manual weeding","notes":"zero chemical exposure"},{"name":"Vinegar + salt + soap herbicide","notes":"acetic acid-based"},{"name":"Flame weeding","notes":"propane torch for driveway/patio weeds"}]},"regulatory":{"applicable_regulations":[{"jurisdiction":"USA","regulation":"EPA FIFRA Registration","citation":"40 CFR 152-180","requirements":"Glyphosate registered under FIFRA. EPA 2020 interim decision: 'not likely to be carcinogenic.' Re-registration review ongoing.","compliance_status":null,"effective_date":null,"enforcing_agency":"EPA","penalties":null,"source_ref":null},{"jurisdiction":"International","regulation":"IARC Monograph Vol 112 (2015)","citation":"IARC Monographs Vol 112","requirements":"Glyphosate classified as Group 2A — probably carcinogenic to humans.","compliance_status":null,"effective_date":"2015-03-20","enforcing_agency":"IARC/WHO","penalties":null,"source_ref":null}],"certifications":[],"labeling":{"required_disclosures":[],"prop65_warning":{"required":null,"chemicals":[],"endpoint":null,"notes":null},"ghs_labeling":{"required":null,"signal_word":null,"pictograms":[],"hazard_statements":[],"notes":null},"hidden_ingredients":{"trade_secret_protected":null,"categories_hidden":[],"estimated_count":null,"known_concerns":null,"notes":null},"notes":null},"recalls":[],"regulatory_gap":null,"notes":null},"lifecycle":{"recyclable":true,"disposal_guidance":"Triple-rinse container. Hazardous waste facility for unused concentrate.","hazardous_waste":true,"expected_lifespan":"1-3_years"},"formulation":{"form":"varies","key_ingredients":[{"hq_id":"hq-c-org-000001","name":"Glyphosate","role":"active_ingredient","concentration_pct":"18-41"}],"certifications":[]},"materials":{"common":[],"concerning":[],"preferred":[]},"compound_composition":[{"hq_id":"hq-c-org-000001","compound_name":null,"role":"active_ingredient","typical_concentration":"18-41%"}],"identifiers":{"common_names":["roundup herbicide concentrate (glyphosate-based)"],"aliases":[],"manufacturer":null,"brands":[]},"brand_examples":[{"brand":"SC Johnson","manufacturer":"SC Johnson","market_position":"mass_market","notable":"Household product conglomerate"},{"brand":"Clorox","manufacturer":"Clorox","market_position":"mass_market","notable":"Household cleaning market leader"},{"brand":"3M","manufacturer":"3M","market_position":"mass_market","notable":"Home safety and maintenance products"}],"brand_examples_disclaimer":"Representative branded products of this category. Concerning ingredients listed in materials.concerning[] apply to the category, not necessarily to every named brand. Specific formulations vary by SKU and may have changed since this record was written; consult the brand's current ingredient label before drawing brand-level conclusions.","sources":[{"type":"expert_curation","name":"ALETHEIA Safety Database","date":"2026-03-25"},{"type":"regulation","title":"EPA FIFRA Registration (40 CFR 152-180)","jurisdiction":"USA","citation":"40 CFR 152-180","id":"src_4a6d9f1d"},{"type":"regulation","title":"IARC Monograph Vol 112 (2015) (IARC Monographs Vol 112)","jurisdiction":"International","year":2015,"citation":"IARC Monographs Vol 112","id":"src_bf13546d"},{"id":"src_001","type":"epa","title":"Glyphosate Interim Registration Review Decision Case Number 0178","url":"https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide-products/glyphosate","accessed":"2025-01-13","year":2020,"notes":"EPA registration review concluding 'not likely to be carcinogenic to humans'","inherited_from_compound":"hq-c-org-000001"},{"id":"src_002","type":"iarc","title":"IARC Monographs Volume 112: Glyphosate","publication":"IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans","year":2015,"url":"https://monographs.iarc.who.int/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/mono112.pdf","accessed":"2025-01-13","notes":"IARC classification: Group 2A (probably carcinogenic to humans)","inherited_from_compound":"hq-c-org-000001"},{"type":"regulatory","title":"US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)","jurisdiction":"USA","id":"src_defdd418","extraction":"description_reference"},{"type":"monograph","title":"International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)","jurisdiction":"International","id":"src_d9ebbaf2","extraction":"description_reference"},{"type":"report","title":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","jurisdiction":"USA","id":"src_08f06b18","extraction":"description_reference"}],"meta":{"schema_version":"4.0.0","last_updated":"2026-03-25","timestamp":"2026-05-14T01:26:17.490Z"}}