{"hq_id":"hq-p-fod-000054","name":"Dietary supplement (multivitamin)","category":{"primary":"food_contact","secondary":"vitamin","tags":["multivitamin","supplement","daily vitamin"]},"product_tier":"FOD","overall_risk_level":"low","description":"Daily oral multivitamin/mineral supplement. Contains vitamins A, C, D, E, B-complex, and minerals in tablet, capsule, or gummy form.","synthesis":{"derived_risk_level":"moderate","synthesis_confidence":0.607,"synthesis_method":"compound_composition","context_used":"human_child","context_source":"product_users","exposure_modifier":0.977,"vulnerability_escalated":true,"escalation_reason":"Child exposure group","compounds_resolved":3,"compounds_total":3,"synthesis_date":"2026-05-09","synthesis_version":"1.2.0","methodology_note":"exposure_modifier and adjusted_magnitude are computed from ALETHEIA-calibrated heuristics (route × duration × frequency multipliers, clamped to [0.5, 1.4]). Multipliers are directionally informed by EPA Exposure Factors Handbook (2011) and CalEPA OEHHA but are not regulatory consensus. See /api/methodology for full disclosure."},"hazard_summary":{"overall_risk":"low","primary_concerns":[],"sensitive_populations":"","exposure_routes":""},"exposure":{"routes":["dermal"],"contact_types":["oral"],"users":["adult","child","elderly","pregnant"],"duration":"minutes","frequency":"daily","scenarios":["Incidental mouthing or hand-to-mouth transfer by children","Exposure during pregnancy with potential fetal transfer"],"notes":"Exposure to Dietary supplement (multivitamin) occurs via dermal. Children and infants face higher exposure per body weight due to developing detoxification systems, higher surface-area-to-weight ratio, and behavioral factors (mouthing, crawling). Pregnant individuals face additional risk from placental transfer of absorbed compounds to the developing fetus."},"consumer_guidance":{"red_flags":[{"indicator":"Contains titanium dioxide (E171)","meaning":"Banned in EU food since 2022; still permitted in US supplements","action":"Choose TiO2-free brands"}],"alternatives":[{"name":"Whole-food-based multivitamin","notes":"Derived from food sources; no synthetic colorants/coatings"}],"green_flags":[],"what_to_ask":[],"notes":null},"regulatory":{"applicable_regulations":[{"jurisdiction":"USA","regulation":"DSHEA (Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act 1994)","requirements":"No premarket approval; GMP required; structure/function claims allowed; no disease claims"},{"jurisdiction":"EU","regulation":"EU Food Supplements Directive 2002/46/EC","requirements":"Positive list of permitted vitamins/minerals; maximum levels being established"}],"certifications":[],"labeling":{},"recalls":[],"regulatory_gap":null,"notes":null},"lifecycle":{"recyclable":null,"disposal_guidance":"","hazardous_waste":null,"expected_lifespan":""},"formulation":{"form":"composite_material","key_ingredients":[{"hq_id":"hq-c-org-000043","name":"Primary component","role":"base_material","concentration_pct":"70-80"},{"hq_id":"hq-c-org-000043","name":"Secondary component","role":"additive","concentration_pct":"10-20"},{"hq_id":"hq-c-ino-000047","name":"Filler or coating","role":"filler","concentration_pct":"5-10"}],"certifications":[]},"materials":{"common":["hq-m-chm-000012","hq-m-chm-000013"],"concerning":[{"material_id":"hq-m-chm-000012","concerns":[{"concern":"Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB mixture, typically Aroclor 12 (IARC 1)","exposure_route":"multiple","from_compound":"Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB mixture, typically Aroclor 12"},{"concern":"PCB-118 (a particularly toxic congener) (IARC 1, GHS: Warning)","exposure_route":"multiple","from_compound":"PCB-118 (a particularly toxic congener)"},{"concern":"Dioxin-like PCB congeners (PCB-77, PCB-126, PCB-169) (IARC 1, GHS: Warning)","exposure_route":"multiple","from_compound":"Dioxin-like PCB congeners (PCB-77, PCB-126, PCB-169)"}]},{"material_id":"hq-m-chm-000013","concerns":[{"concern":"PCBs (sorbed by PCP-treated wood in service) (IARC 1)","exposure_route":"multiple","from_compound":"PCBs (sorbed by PCP-treated wood in service)"},{"concern":"Dioxins and furans (PCDD/PCDF) as manufacturing contaminants (IARC 1, GHS: Danger)","exposure_route":"multiple","from_compound":"Dioxins and furans (PCDD/PCDF) as manufacturing contaminants"}]}],"preferred":["glass","stainless steel"]},"compound_composition":[{"hq_id":"hq-c-org-000618","compound_name":"Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)","role":null,"typical_concentration":"60-1000mg"},{"hq_id":"hq-c-mix-000014","compound_name":"Titanium dioxide (E171)","role":null,"typical_concentration":null},{"hq_id":"hq-c-org-000724","compound_name":"Carbomer","role":null,"typical_concentration":null}],"identifiers":{"common_names":[],"aliases":[],"manufacturer":null,"brands":[]},"brand_examples":[{"brand":"Generic Mass-Market Brand A","manufacturer":"Consumer Products Corporation","market_position":"mass_market","notable":"Widely available mass-market option"},{"brand":"Generic Mass-Market Brand B","manufacturer":"Consumer Goods Ltd","market_position":"mass_market","notable":"Popular budget alternative"},{"brand":"Premium Brand A","manufacturer":"Premium Consumer Inc","market_position":"premium","notable":"Upscale premium positioning"},{"brand":"Professional Brand","manufacturer":"Professional Products Co","market_position":"professional","notable":"Professional/salon-grade option"},{"brand":"Specialty Eco-Brand","manufacturer":"Natural Products Ltd","market_position":"premium","notable":"Sustainable/natural product line"}],"brand_examples_disclaimer":"Representative branded products of this category. Concerning ingredients listed in materials.concerning[] apply to the category, not necessarily to every named brand. Specific formulations vary by SKU and may have changed since this record was written; consult the brand's current ingredient label before drawing brand-level conclusions.","sources":[{"id":"src_001","type":"journal","title":"Enough is enough: stop wasting money on vitamin and mineral supplements (Annals of Internal Medicine)","year":2013},{"type":"regulation","title":"DSHEA (Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act 1994)","jurisdiction":"USA","year":1994,"id":"src_610eaa0a"},{"type":"regulation","title":"EU Food Supplements Directive 2002/46/EC","jurisdiction":"EU","year":2002,"id":"src_add151ba"},{"id":"ascorbic_acid_e300_50-81-7_vitamin_c_efsa2015_flour","type":"regulatory","title":"Ascorbic Acid L-Ascorbic Acid Vitamin C CAS 50-81-7 C6H8O6 pKa1 4.17 E300 FDA GRAS 21 CFR 182.3013 184.1033; EFSA ADI Not Specified; Essential Nutrient GULO Deficiency Humans No Endogenous Synthesis; Prolyl Lysyl Hydroxylase Collagen Scurvy; Dopamine Beta-Hydroxylase Norepinephrine; Carnitine PHM Peptide Amidation; Vitamin E Tocopheroxyl Radical Regeneration; Flour Improver: Ascorbic Acid Oxidase Dehydroascorbic Acid GS-H Oxidation Disulfide Strong Gluten Paradox; No Toxic By-Products Preferred EU vs Bromate ADA; Nitrite Cured Meat N-Nitrosamine Reduction E301 Sodium Ascorbate; Reichstein Synthesis 1933 Two-Step Fermentation China 80% 120000 Tonnes; RDA 75-90 mg/day UL 2000 mg/day; Oxalate High Dose >1000 mg Kidney Stone Risk; Pauling Megadose No RCT Cancer Benefit; IV High-Dose Pro-Oxidant Oncology Research","year":2015,"inherited_from_compound":"hq-c-org-000618"},{"id":"iarc_93_tio2","type":"regulatory","title":"IARC Monographs Volume 93: Carbon Black, Titanium Dioxide, and Talc — Titanium Dioxide Group 2B Evaluation (Inhalation, Nano Form)","year":2010,"inherited_from_compound":"hq-c-mix-000014"},{"id":"efsa_tio2_2021","type":"regulatory","title":"EFSA: Re-evaluation of Titanium Dioxide (E 171) as a Food Additive — Safety Opinion and EU Ban Basis","year":2021,"inherited_from_compound":"hq-c-mix-000014"},{"id":"src_002","type":"reference","title":"ATSDR Toxicological Profile — CAS 9003-01-4","url":"https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiledocs/index.html","notes":"Toxicological profile and health effects summary","inherited_from_compound":"hq-c-org-000724"}],"meta":{"schema_version":"4.0.0","last_updated":"2026-03-25","timestamp":"2026-05-13T22:25:38.903Z"}}