{"hq_id":"hq-p-bdy-000047","name":"Hair dye (permanent and semi-permanent)","category":{"primary":"personal_care","secondary":"coloring","tags":["hair dye","hair color","permanent dye"]},"product_tier":"BDY","overall_risk_level":"high","description":"Permanent and semi-permanent hair coloring products. Contain oxidative dyes, hydrogen peroxide developer, ammonia, and conditioning agents. Applied to scalp with direct skin contact.","synthesis":{"derived_risk_level":"negligible","synthesis_confidence":0.543,"synthesis_method":"compound_composition","context_used":"human_adult","context_source":"product_users","exposure_modifier":0.935,"vulnerability_escalated":false,"escalation_reason":null,"compounds_resolved":4,"compounds_total":4,"synthesis_date":"2026-07-30","synthesis_version":"1.2.0","methodology_note":"exposure_modifier and adjusted_magnitude are computed from ALETHEIA-calibrated heuristics (route × duration × frequency multipliers, clamped to [0.5, 1.4]). Multipliers are directionally informed by EPA Exposure Factors Handbook (2011) and CalEPA OEHHA but are not regulatory consensus. See /api/methodology for full disclosure."},"hazard_summary":{"overall_risk":"high","primary_concerns":[],"sensitive_populations":"","exposure_routes":""},"exposure":{"routes":["dermal"],"contact_types":["dermal","inhalation"],"users":["adult"],"duration":"minutes_to_hours","frequency":"monthly","scenarios":["Dermal contact during handling of Hair dye (permanent and semi-permanent) (minutes_to_hours contact)"],"notes":"Scalp skin is highly vascular; ammonia fumes during application"},"consumer_guidance":{"red_flags":[{"indicator":"No patch test performed","meaning":"PPD allergy can cause severe reaction including anaphylaxis","action":"Always perform 48-hour patch test before each use, even if used before"}],"alternatives":[{"name":"Henna (Lawsonia inermis)","notes":"Plant-based; no PPD; limited color range (red/brown)"}],"green_flags":[],"what_to_ask":[],"notes":null},"regulatory":{"applicable_regulations":[{"jurisdiction":"USA","regulation":"FD&C Act — coal-tar hair dye exemption","requirements":"Hair dyes exempt from FDA premarket approval; must carry caution statement and patch test instructions"},{"jurisdiction":"EU","regulation":"EU Cosmetics Regulation 1223/2009 Annex III","requirements":"PPD max 2% in oxidative dyes; mandatory \"may cause allergic reaction\" warning"}],"certifications":[],"labeling":{},"recalls":[],"regulatory_gap":null,"notes":null},"lifecycle":{"recyclable":null,"disposal_guidance":"","hazardous_waste":null,"expected_lifespan":""},"formulation":{"form":"cream","key_ingredients":[{"hq_id":null,"name":"Hydrogen Peroxide Developer","role":"oxidizer","concentration_pct":"3-12"},{"hq_id":null,"name":"p-Phenylenediamine","role":"colorant","concentration_pct":"2-4"},{"hq_id":null,"name":"Monoethanolamine","role":"pH_adjuster","concentration_pct":"3-5"},{"hq_id":"hq-c-org-002046","name":"EDTA","role":"chelator","concentration_pct":"0.1-0.5"},{"hq_id":"hq-c-org-000523","name":"Cetyl Alcohol","role":"emollient","concentration_pct":"2-3"}],"certifications":[]},"materials":{"common":["hq-m-chm-000012","hq-m-chm-000013"],"concerning":[],"preferred":["glass","stainless steel"]},"compound_composition":[{"hq_id":"hq-c-ino-000015","compound_name":"Hydrogen peroxide","role":null,"typical_concentration":"3-12%"},{"hq_id":"hq-c-ino-000013","compound_name":"Ammonia","role":null,"typical_concentration":"1-5%"},{"hq_id":"hq-c-org-000772","compound_name":"Triethanolamine","role":null,"typical_concentration":"1-3%"},{"hq_id":"hq-c-org-000523","compound_name":"Cetyl alcohol","role":null,"typical_concentration":null}],"identifiers":{"common_names":[],"aliases":[],"manufacturer":null,"brands":[]},"brand_examples":[{"brand":"Generic Mass-Market Brand A","manufacturer":"Consumer Products Corporation","market_position":"mass_market","notable":"Widely available mass-market option"},{"brand":"Generic Mass-Market Brand B","manufacturer":"Consumer Goods Ltd","market_position":"mass_market","notable":"Popular budget alternative"},{"brand":"Premium Brand A","manufacturer":"Premium Consumer Inc","market_position":"premium","notable":"Upscale premium positioning"},{"brand":"Professional Brand","manufacturer":"Professional Products Co","market_position":"professional","notable":"Professional/salon-grade option"},{"brand":"Specialty Eco-Brand","manufacturer":"Natural Products Ltd","market_position":"premium","notable":"Sustainable/natural product line"}],"brand_examples_disclaimer":"Representative branded products of this category. Concerning ingredients listed in materials.concerning[] apply to the category, not necessarily to every named brand. Specific formulations vary by SKU and may have changed since this record was written; consult the brand's current ingredient label before drawing brand-level conclusions.","sources":[{"id":"src_001","type":"iarc","title":"IARC Monographs Volume 99 — Occupational exposure as hairdresser","year":2010},{"type":"regulation","title":"FD&C Act — coal-tar hair dye exemption","jurisdiction":"USA","id":"src_2caced7a"},{"type":"regulation","title":"EU Cosmetics Regulation 1223/2009 Annex III","jurisdiction":"EU","year":2009,"id":"src_69759555"},{"id":"atsdr_h2o2","type":"report","title":"ATSDR Medical Management Guidelines for Hydrogen Peroxide","year":2014,"inherited_from_compound":"hq-c-ino-000015"},{"id":"cpsc_h2o2","type":"regulatory","title":"US CPSC: Hazard Assessment for High-Concentration Hydrogen Peroxide Consumer Products","year":2018,"inherited_from_compound":"hq-c-ino-000015"},{"id":"fda_efsa_cetyl_alcohol_2019","type":"regulatory","title":"FDA GRAS 21 CFR 172.864 Fatty Alcohols; FDA Inactive Ingredient Database Cetyl Alcohol Topical Vaginal; Contact Sensitization Patch Test; Emollient Emulsifier Pharmaceutical Excipient; Plant-Derived 1-Hexadecanol; No IARC NTP EPA EFSA Carcinogenicity Classification","year":2019,"inherited_from_compound":"hq-c-org-000523"},{"id":"atsdr_ammonia","type":"report","title":"ATSDR Toxicological Profile for Ammonia","year":2004,"inherited_from_compound":"hq-c-ino-000013"},{"id":"epa_ammonia_tox","type":"regulatory","title":"US EPA Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Ammonia (Freshwater)","year":2013,"inherited_from_compound":"hq-c-ino-000013"},{"id":"niosh_ammonia","type":"regulatory","title":"NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Ammonia","year":2019,"inherited_from_compound":"hq-c-ino-000013"}],"meta":{"schema_version":"4.0.0","last_updated":"2026-03-25","timestamp":"2026-08-29T01:20:40.754Z"},"_notice":"ALETHEIA output is reference data, not professional advice. Not a substitute for primary agency sources or qualified professionals. See https://aletheia.holisticquality.io/disclaimer.","_disclaimer_url":"https://aletheia.holisticquality.io/disclaimer"}