{"hq_id":"hq-c-org-002108","name":"Griseofulvin","context":"human_adult","risk_level":"moderate","schema":"legacy","note":"Synthesis unavailable: compound lacks vectorizable regulatory classifications. Raw safety data returned.","data":{"risk_level":"moderate","summary":"Griseofulvin is the oldest oral antifungal drug (introduced 1959), a fungistatic agent produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. Its activity is restricted to dermatophytes (Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton) — it has no activity against yeasts (Candida) or molds (Aspergillus). Mechanism: binds tubulin and disrupts mitotic spindle assembly, inhibiting fungal cell division; also deposits in keratin of skin, hair, and nails. Classified as IARC Group 2B (possibly carcinogenic to humans) based on hepatocellular tumors in mice; carcinogenicity in humans not demonstrated. Safety concerns: hepatotoxic (elevated transaminases, rare hepatitis); teratogenic in animals (FDA category X — contraindicated in pregnancy); photosensitivity; porphyria exacerbation; lupus-like syndrome (rare). Drug interactions: induces CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 (reduces efficacy of oral contraceptives — clinical significance leading to contraceptive failures). Largely replaced by terbinafine and itraconazole for most dermatophyte infections but remains first-line for tinea capitis in children due to availability of pediatric oral suspension and long safety record.","source_refs":["aletheia_fungi_batch_2026"]},"meta":{"synthesis_version":"n/a","timestamp":"2026-07-27T02:34:55.714Z"},"_notice":"ALETHEIA output is reference data, not professional advice. Not a substitute for primary agency sources or qualified professionals. See https://aletheia.holisticquality.io/disclaimer.","_disclaimer_url":"https://aletheia.holisticquality.io/disclaimer","available_contexts":["human_adult"]}