{"hq_id":"hq-c-org-000617","name":"Fumaric acid (E297)","context":"human_adult","timestamp":"2026-08-28T02:48:04.026Z","risk_level":"low","risk_profile":{"magnitude":{"mean":0.2,"weightedMean":0.2,"std_dev":0,"confidence_interval_95":[0.2,0.2],"source_positions":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":0.2,"weight":0.35}]},"confidence":{"mean":0.5,"weightedMean":0.5,"std_dev":0,"confidence_interval_95":[0.5,0.5],"source_positions":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":0.5,"weight":0.35}]},"recency":{"mean":1,"weightedMean":1,"std_dev":0,"confidence_interval_95":[1,1],"source_positions":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":1,"weight":0.35}]},"methodology":{"mean":0.7,"weightedMean":0.7,"std_dev":0,"confidence_interval_95":[0.7,0.7],"source_positions":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":0.7,"weight":0.35}]},"specificity":{"mean":0.92,"weightedMean":0.92,"std_dev":0,"confidence_interval_95":[0.92,0.92],"source_positions":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":0.92,"weight":0.35}]},"consensus":{"exists":false,"strength":0,"disagreement_magnitude":0,"warning":"single_source_warning"}},"interpretation":{"summary":"Single source (HQ_DIRECT, 2026) indicates low risk.","confidence_note":"Evidence quality varies; interpretation requires caution.","context_note":null,"warning":"single_source_warning"},"sources":[{"id":"fumaric_acid_e297_110-17-8_tca_cycle_dmt_ms","type":"regulatory","title":"Fumaric Acid CAS 110-17-8 Trans-Butenedioic Acid C4H4O4 pKa1 3.03 pKa2 4.38 E297 FDA GRAS 21 CFR 172.350; EFSA ADI Not Specified; TCA Cycle Fumarase Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex II; Urea Cycle Argininosuccinate Lyase Purine Biosynthesis; Fumaria Officinalis First Isolated 1832 Winckler Bolete Mushroom; Non-Hygroscopic Solid Low Water Solubility 7 g/L Powdered Drink Mixes Dry Systems Advantage; Maleic Anhydride Isomerization Commercial Production Rhizopus Fungal; Dimethyl Fumarate DMF Tecfidera FDA 2013 RRMS Skilarence EU 2017 Psoriasis; Nrf2 Antioxidant Response Element HCAR2 GPR109A Agonist Mechanism; Fumarate Hydratase FH Gene Tumor Suppressor HLRCC Reed Syndrome Germline Mutation; Flushing GI Side Effects DMF Clinical","year":2014}],"sources_scope":"record","warnings":["unmapped_classification:IARC:not evaluated by iarc for carcinogenicity — fumari","unmapped_classification:EPA CTX / Genetox:genotoxicity: positive (ames: positive, 3 positive","unmapped_classification:EPA CTX / Genetox:genotoxicity: positive (ames: positive, 3 positive","single_source_warning"],"meta":{"synthesis_version":"1.1.0","config_version":"1.1.0","n_sources":1,"db_version":46,"warnings":["unmapped_classification:IARC:not evaluated by iarc for carcinogenicity — fumari","unmapped_classification:EPA CTX / Genetox:genotoxicity: positive (ames: positive, 3 positive","unmapped_classification:EPA CTX / Genetox:genotoxicity: positive (ames: positive, 3 positive"]},"schema":"synthesis","_notice":"ALETHEIA output is reference data, not professional advice. Not a substitute for primary agency sources or qualified professionals. See https://aletheia.holisticquality.io/disclaimer.","_disclaimer_url":"https://aletheia.holisticquality.io/disclaimer","available_contexts":["human_adult","human_child","aquatic_life","human_teen","human_elderly","human_infant","human_pregnant"]}