{"hq_id":"hq-c-org-000535","name":"Trehalose","context":"human_adult","timestamp":"2026-05-01T18:27:06.503Z","risk_level":"low","risk_profile":{"magnitude":{"mean":0.2,"weightedMean":0.2,"std_dev":0,"confidence_interval_95":[0.2,0.2],"source_positions":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":0.2,"weight":0.35}]},"confidence":{"mean":0.5,"weightedMean":0.5,"std_dev":0,"confidence_interval_95":[0.5,0.5],"source_positions":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":0.5,"weight":0.35}]},"recency":{"mean":1,"weightedMean":1,"std_dev":0,"confidence_interval_95":[1,1],"source_positions":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":1,"weight":0.35}]},"methodology":{"mean":0.7,"weightedMean":0.7,"std_dev":0,"confidence_interval_95":[0.7,0.7],"source_positions":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":0.7,"weight":0.35}]},"specificity":{"mean":0.92,"weightedMean":0.92,"std_dev":0,"confidence_interval_95":[0.92,0.92],"source_positions":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":0.92,"weight":0.35}]},"consensus":{"exists":false,"strength":0,"disagreement_magnitude":0,"warning":"single_source_warning"}},"interpretation":{"summary":"Single source (HQ_DIRECT, 2026) indicates low risk.","confidence_note":"Evidence quality varies; interpretation requires caution.","context_note":null,"warning":"single_source_warning"},"sources":[],"warnings":["unmapped_classification:US FDA / EFSA (Trehalose — α,α-trehalose — mycose — FDA GRAS (GRN 000045 — Cargill/Hayashibara; affirmed 2000; permitted as food ingredient); EFSA: trehalose authorized as novel food ingredient in the EU in some applications; natural disaccharide composed of two glucose units linked by an α,α-1,1-glycosidic bond; naturally occurring in yeast, fungi, insects, plants, and some bacteria as a stress protectant; approximately 45% sweetness of sucrose; fully digested to glucose by intestinal trehalase enzyme; caloric value 4 kcal/g (fully caloric unlike sugar alcohols); Clostridioides difficile safety signal: Collins et al. 2018 (Science) reported that trehalose introduction into the food supply (approved 2000) temporally coincided with the emergence of hypervirulent C. difficile ribotypes 027 and 078 which have enhanced trehalose metabolic capabilities; the paper proposed that increased dietary trehalose contributed to selection and expansion of these hypervirulent strains in hospital settings; causality disputed — subsequent analyses found the correlation imprecise; FDA and EFSA have not changed trehalose's regulatory status based on available evidence; no carcinogenicity classification by IARC, NTP, US EPA, or EFSA):no carcinogenicity classification; fda gras (grn 0","unmapped_classification:EPA CTX / Genetox:genotoxicity: negative (ames: negative, 0 positive","unmapped_classification:EPA CTX / Genetox:genotoxicity: negative (ames: negative, 0 positive","single_source_warning"],"meta":{"synthesis_version":"1.0.0","config_version":"1.0.0","n_sources":1,"db_version":42,"warnings":["unmapped_classification:US FDA / EFSA (Trehalose — α,α-trehalose — mycose — FDA GRAS (GRN 000045 — Cargill/Hayashibara; affirmed 2000; permitted as food ingredient); EFSA: trehalose authorized as novel food ingredient in the EU in some applications; natural disaccharide composed of two glucose units linked by an α,α-1,1-glycosidic bond; naturally occurring in yeast, fungi, insects, plants, and some bacteria as a stress protectant; approximately 45% sweetness of sucrose; fully digested to glucose by intestinal trehalase enzyme; caloric value 4 kcal/g (fully caloric unlike sugar alcohols); Clostridioides difficile safety signal: Collins et al. 2018 (Science) reported that trehalose introduction into the food supply (approved 2000) temporally coincided with the emergence of hypervirulent C. difficile ribotypes 027 and 078 which have enhanced trehalose metabolic capabilities; the paper proposed that increased dietary trehalose contributed to selection and expansion of these hypervirulent strains in hospital settings; causality disputed — subsequent analyses found the correlation imprecise; FDA and EFSA have not changed trehalose's regulatory status based on available evidence; no carcinogenicity classification by IARC, NTP, US EPA, or EFSA):no carcinogenicity classification; fda gras (grn 0","unmapped_classification:EPA CTX / Genetox:genotoxicity: negative (ames: negative, 0 positive","unmapped_classification:EPA CTX / Genetox:genotoxicity: negative (ames: negative, 0 positive"]},"schema":"synthesis"}