{"hq_id":"hq-c-org-000533","name":"Sorbitol (E420)","context":"human_adult","timestamp":"2026-05-01T19:40:10.127Z","risk_level":"low","risk_profile":{"magnitude":{"mean":0.2,"weightedMean":0.2,"std_dev":0,"confidence_interval_95":[0.2,0.2],"source_positions":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":0.2,"weight":0.35}]},"confidence":{"mean":0.5,"weightedMean":0.5,"std_dev":0,"confidence_interval_95":[0.5,0.5],"source_positions":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":0.5,"weight":0.35}]},"recency":{"mean":1,"weightedMean":1,"std_dev":0,"confidence_interval_95":[1,1],"source_positions":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":1,"weight":0.35}]},"methodology":{"mean":0.7,"weightedMean":0.7,"std_dev":0,"confidence_interval_95":[0.7,0.7],"source_positions":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":0.7,"weight":0.35}]},"specificity":{"mean":0.92,"weightedMean":0.92,"std_dev":0,"confidence_interval_95":[0.92,0.92],"source_positions":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":0.92,"weight":0.35}]},"consensus":{"exists":false,"strength":0,"disagreement_magnitude":0,"warning":"single_source_warning"}},"interpretation":{"summary":"Single source (HQ_DIRECT, 2026) indicates low risk.","confidence_note":"Evidence quality varies; interpretation requires caution.","context_note":null,"warning":"single_source_warning"},"sources":[],"warnings":["unmapped_classification:US FDA / EFSA (Sorbitol — D-sorbitol — glucitol — E420 — FDA GRAS (21 CFR 184.1835 — affirmed GRAS as direct human food additive; humectant, sweetener, texturizer, sequestrant; also FDA-approved pharmaceutical excipient — inactive ingredient database; oral, topical, parenteral routes; used as osmotic laxative active ingredient (70% solution) and enema formulation); EFSA E420 re-evaluation 2019 — ADI 'not specified'; JECFA ADI 'not specified'; naturally occurring in many fruits (apples, pears, prunes — prunes' laxative effect is partly due to natural sorbitol content); approximately 60% sweetness of sucrose; caloric value approximately 2.6 kcal/g; NOT suitable for patients with hereditary fructose intolerance (sorbitol is converted to fructose in the liver via sorbitol dehydrogenase); osmotic laxative effect above approximately 50 g/day in adults; poorly absorbed from small intestine — reaches colon and exerts osmotic effect; diabetic use: sorbitol pathway activity (aldose reductase) implicated in diabetic complications (cataracts, neuropathy) — endogenous sorbitol accumulation, not dietary sorbitol; no carcinogenicity classification by IARC, NTP, US EPA, or EFSA):no carcinogenicity classification; fda gras 21 cfr","unmapped_classification:EPA CTX / Genetox:genotoxicity: negative (ames: none, 0 positive / 2","unmapped_classification:EPA CTX / Genetox:genotoxicity: negative (ames: none, 0 positive / 2","single_source_warning"],"meta":{"synthesis_version":"1.0.0","config_version":"1.0.0","n_sources":1,"db_version":44,"warnings":["unmapped_classification:US FDA / EFSA (Sorbitol — D-sorbitol — glucitol — E420 — FDA GRAS (21 CFR 184.1835 — affirmed GRAS as direct human food additive; humectant, sweetener, texturizer, sequestrant; also FDA-approved pharmaceutical excipient — inactive ingredient database; oral, topical, parenteral routes; used as osmotic laxative active ingredient (70% solution) and enema formulation); EFSA E420 re-evaluation 2019 — ADI 'not specified'; JECFA ADI 'not specified'; naturally occurring in many fruits (apples, pears, prunes — prunes' laxative effect is partly due to natural sorbitol content); approximately 60% sweetness of sucrose; caloric value approximately 2.6 kcal/g; NOT suitable for patients with hereditary fructose intolerance (sorbitol is converted to fructose in the liver via sorbitol dehydrogenase); osmotic laxative effect above approximately 50 g/day in adults; poorly absorbed from small intestine — reaches colon and exerts osmotic effect; diabetic use: sorbitol pathway activity (aldose reductase) implicated in diabetic complications (cataracts, neuropathy) — endogenous sorbitol accumulation, not dietary sorbitol; no carcinogenicity classification by IARC, NTP, US EPA, or EFSA):no carcinogenicity classification; fda gras 21 cfr","unmapped_classification:EPA CTX / Genetox:genotoxicity: negative (ames: none, 0 positive / 2","unmapped_classification:EPA CTX / Genetox:genotoxicity: negative (ames: none, 0 positive / 2"]},"schema":"synthesis"}