{"hq_id":"hq-c-org-000417","name":"Urethane (ethyl carbamate)","context":"human_adult","timestamp":"2026-08-29T04:14:10.606Z","risk_level":"high","risk_profile":{"magnitude":{"mean":0.650995,"weightedMean":0.650995,"std_dev":0.156456,"confidence_interval_95":[0.65,0.8],"source_positions":[{"source":"EPA CTX / CalEPA","year":2021,"value":0.8,"weight":0.30176},{"source":"US EPA","year":1991,"value":0.75,"weight":0.41},{"source":"IARC","year":2010,"value":0.7,"weight":0.41},{"source":"EPA CTX / NTP RoC","year":2021,"value":0.65,"weight":0.30176},{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":0.35,"weight":0.35}]},"confidence":{"mean":0.756849,"weightedMean":0.756849,"std_dev":0.127359,"confidence_interval_95":[0.82,0.82],"source_positions":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":0.5,"weight":0.35},{"source":"IARC","year":2010,"value":0.82,"weight":0.41},{"source":"US EPA","year":1991,"value":0.82,"weight":0.41},{"source":"EPA CTX / NTP RoC","year":2021,"value":0.82,"weight":0.30176},{"source":"EPA CTX / CalEPA","year":2021,"value":0.82,"weight":0.30176}]},"recency":{"mean":0.553755,"weightedMean":0.553755,"std_dev":0.228859,"confidence_interval_95":[0.5,1],"source_positions":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":1,"weight":0.35},{"source":"IARC","year":2010,"value":0.5,"weight":0.41},{"source":"US EPA","year":1991,"value":0.5,"weight":0.41},{"source":"EPA CTX / NTP RoC","year":2021,"value":0.368,"weight":0.30176},{"source":"EPA CTX / CalEPA","year":2021,"value":0.368,"weight":0.30176}]},"methodology":{"mean":0.940796,"weightedMean":0.940796,"std_dev":0.119399,"confidence_interval_95":[1,1],"source_positions":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":0.7,"weight":0.35},{"source":"IARC","year":2010,"value":1,"weight":0.41},{"source":"US EPA","year":1991,"value":1,"weight":0.41},{"source":"EPA CTX / NTP RoC","year":2021,"value":1,"weight":0.30176},{"source":"EPA CTX / CalEPA","year":2021,"value":1,"weight":0.30176}]},"specificity":{"mean":0.783549,"weightedMean":0.783549,"std_dev":0.067659,"confidence_interval_95":[0.92,0.92],"source_positions":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":0.92,"weight":0.35},{"source":"IARC","year":2010,"value":0.75,"weight":0.41},{"source":"US EPA","year":1991,"value":0.75,"weight":0.41},{"source":"EPA CTX / NTP RoC","year":2021,"value":0.75,"weight":0.30176},{"source":"EPA CTX / CalEPA","year":2021,"value":0.75,"weight":0.30176}]},"consensus":{"exists":false,"strength":0,"disagreement_magnitude":0.344616,"warning":null},"outliers":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","value":0.35}]},"interpretation":{"summary":"Regulatory agencies show substantial disagreement. EPA CTX / CalEPA classifies as higher risk (80th percentile), while HQ_DIRECT concludes lower risk (35th percentile).","confidence_note":"Moderate-quality evidence base. Disagreement reflects methodological and interpretive differences, not data quality issues.","context_note":null,"warning":null},"sources":[{"id":"iarc_urethane_vol96_2010","type":"iarc_monograph","title":"IARC Monographs Volume 96: Alcohol Consumption and Ethyl Carbamate — Urethane Group 2A; Multi-Site Animal Carcinogen; Fermented Foods and Spirits; Vinyl Carbamate Epoxide Mechanism; EU Spirits Limits","year":2010},{"id":"epa_ethylcarbamate_iris_1991","type":"regulatory","title":"US EPA IRIS: Ethyl Carbamate (Urethane) — Group B2 Probable Human Carcinogen; Oral Slope Factor; Fermented Food Dietary Exposures; Former Medical Use; Canada Regulatory Limits; Sake and Wine Concentrations","year":1991},{"id":"efsa_urethane_2007","type":"regulatory","title":"EFSA Scientific Opinion on Urethane in Alcoholic Beverages — Margin of Exposure Assessment; Stone Fruit Spirit High Concentrations; Mitigation Strategies; Fermentation Chemistry; EU Regulation EC 110/2008","year":2007},{"id":"niosh_urethane_pocket_guide","type":"regulatory","title":"NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards — Urethane / Ethyl Carbamate (CAS 51-79-6; 'Ca' carcinogen designation)","year":2019},{"id":"osha_urethane_pel","type":"regulatory","title":"OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1003 — 13 Carcinogens Standard reference (ethyl carbamate evaluated under class)","year":2020}],"sources_scope":"record","warnings":["year_inferred:EPA CTX / NTP RoC:2021","year_inferred:EPA CTX / CalEPA:2021","unmapped_classification:EPA CTX / Genetox:genotoxicity: positive (ames: positive, 22 positiv","unmapped_classification:EPA CTX / Genetox:genotoxicity: positive (ames: positive, 22 positiv"],"meta":{"synthesis_version":"1.1.0","config_version":"1.1.0","n_sources":5,"db_version":45,"warnings":["year_inferred:EPA CTX / NTP RoC:2021","year_inferred:EPA CTX / CalEPA:2021","unmapped_classification:EPA CTX / Genetox:genotoxicity: positive (ames: positive, 22 positiv","unmapped_classification:EPA CTX / Genetox:genotoxicity: positive (ames: positive, 22 positiv"]},"schema":"synthesis","_notice":"ALETHEIA output is reference data, not professional advice. Not a substitute for primary agency sources or qualified professionals. See https://aletheia.holisticquality.io/disclaimer.","_disclaimer_url":"https://aletheia.holisticquality.io/disclaimer","available_contexts":["human_adult","exposure_ingestion","aquatic_life","human_teen","human_elderly","human_pregnant","exposure_dermal","exposure_inhalation","exposure_ocular","occupational_exposure"]}