{"hq_id":"hq-c-org-000188","name":"4-Methylimidazole (4-MEI)","context":"human_adult","timestamp":"2026-10-27T20:13:21.968Z","derived_by":{"label":"ALETHEIA-derived","engine":{"commit":"a1c6e861599cc34c5db0318ea1a7ac13a327e074","commit_source":"vercel_env","tree_clean":null},"params":{"sha256":"88ae43137e58ed0cd65588409efefee0d90253da01ef4459bf9ee25f888ec9a0","files":["axes.json","context-specificity.json","regulatory-mappings.json","synthesis-params.json","thresholds.json"]},"clock":{"year":2026},"inputs":[{"id":"hq-c-org-000188","sha256":"95d6697f2d92a7dd5585e27ffea2ace03c3e80785f7d2b68b4569cb61c1aa517"}]},"risk_level":"moderate_to_high","risk_profile":{"magnitude":{"mean":0.519334,"weightedMean":0.519334,"std_dev":0.195935,"confidence_interval_95":[0.3,0.8],"source_positions":[{"source":"EPA CTX / CalEPA","year":2021,"value":0.8,"weight":0.30176},{"source":"IARC","year":2013,"value":0.5,"weight":0.41},{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":0.3,"weight":0.35}]},"confidence":{"mean":0.714515,"weightedMean":0.714515,"std_dev":0.150427,"confidence_interval_95":[0.5,0.82],"source_positions":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":0.5,"weight":0.35},{"source":"IARC","year":2013,"value":0.82,"weight":0.41},{"source":"EPA CTX / CalEPA","year":2021,"value":0.82,"weight":0.30176}]},"recency":{"mean":0.627305,"weightedMean":0.627305,"std_dev":0.26675,"confidence_interval_95":[0.368,1],"source_positions":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":1,"weight":0.35},{"source":"IARC","year":2013,"value":0.5,"weight":0.41},{"source":"EPA CTX / CalEPA","year":2021,"value":0.368,"weight":0.30176}]},"methodology":{"mean":0.901108,"weightedMean":0.901108,"std_dev":0.141025,"confidence_interval_95":[0.7,1],"source_positions":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":0.7,"weight":0.35},{"source":"IARC","year":2013,"value":1,"weight":0.41},{"source":"EPA CTX / CalEPA","year":2021,"value":1,"weight":0.30176}]},"specificity":{"mean":0.806039,"weightedMean":0.806039,"std_dev":0.079914,"confidence_interval_95":[0.75,0.92],"source_positions":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":0.92,"weight":0.35},{"source":"IARC","year":2013,"value":0.75,"weight":0.41},{"source":"EPA CTX / CalEPA","year":2021,"value":0.75,"weight":0.30176}]},"consensus":{"exists":false,"strength":0,"disagreement_magnitude":0.319781,"warning":null}},"interpretation":{"summary":"Regulatory agencies show substantial disagreement. EPA CTX / CalEPA classifies as higher risk (80th percentile), while HQ_DIRECT concludes lower risk (30th percentile).","confidence_note":"Moderate-quality evidence base. Disagreement reflects methodological and interpretive differences, not data quality issues.","context_note":null,"warning":null},"sources":[{"id":"iarc_vol101_4mei_2013","type":"academic","title":"IARC Monographs Volume 101: Some Chemicals Present in Industrial and Consumer Products, Food and Drinking-Water — 4-Methylimidazole (4-MEI), Group 2B Classification, Caramel Color Formation, and Mouse Lung Tumor Evidence (2013)","year":2013},{"id":"fda_caramel_color_4mei","type":"regulatory","title":"US FDA: Caramel Colors (Classes I–IV) — Safety Assessment, 4-MEI Formation in Ammonia-Process Caramel Colors, Dietary Exposure Estimates, and Consumer Response to Reformulation (2014)","year":2014},{"id":"california_prop65_4mei","type":"regulatory","title":"California OEHHA: Proposition 65 — 4-Methylimidazole Listing (2011), Significant Exposure Level (16 μg/day), Consumer Reports Testing of Cola Beverages, and Industry Reformulation Response","year":2011},{"id":"r60-2026-09-30-d918-oehha-prop65-list-csv-own-url","type":"regulatory","title":"PROPOSITION 65 LIST OF CARCINOGENS OR REPRODUCTIVE TOXICANTS","year":2026,"url":"https://oehha.ca.gov/sites/default/files/media/2025-01/p65chemicalslist.csv"},{"id":"r60-2026-09-26-d867-cc1-iarc-list-of-classifications-loc-app","type":"regulatory","title":"IARC Monographs, List of Classifications","year":2026,"url":"https://monographs.iarc.who.int/list-of-classifications"},{"id":"echa-chem-reach-registrations","type":"regulatory","title":"ECHA CHEM, Download all substances: REACH registrations (ECHA's own list of REACH-registered substances)","year":2026,"url":"https://chem.echa.europa.eu/"},{"id":"src_pubchem_tox_13195","type":"pubchem","title":"PubChem: Toxicity section (CID 13195)","url":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/13195/JSON?heading=Toxicity"},{"id":"r60-2026-10-02-d-955-s9-d955-s9-osha-table-z-1","type":"regulatory","title":"Permissible Exposure Limits – OSHA Annotated Table Z-1","url":"https://www.osha.gov/annotated-pels/table-z-1"},{"id":"pubchem-exp-hazardous-substances-data-bank-cid-13195","type":"database","title":"Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), as recorded by PubChem (Experimental Properties, CID 13195; where-to-look, not a source of this value)","year":2026,"url":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/13195/JSON?heading=Experimental+Properties"},{"id":"pubchem-exp-haz-map-information-on-hazardous-chemica-cid-13195","type":"database","title":"Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases, as recorded by PubChem (Experimental Properties, CID 13195; where-to-look, not a source of this value)","year":2026,"url":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/13195/JSON?heading=Experimental+Properties"},{"id":"ctx_pred_dtxsid9025617","type":"reference","title":"EPA CompTox CTX API: predicted properties for DTXSID9025617 (4-Methylimidazole (4-MEI))","url":"https://comptox.epa.gov/ctx-api/chemical/property/predicted/search/by-dtxsid/DTXSID9025617"},{"id":"r60-2026-10-01-echa-annex-vi-clp-table-atp23-xlsx","type":"regulatory","title":"ECHA Annex VI to CLP: the unofficial Excel table (up to and including the 23rd ATP)","url":"https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/17218/annex_vi_clp_table_atp23_en.xlsx/b3816c13-81a3-816d-773a-62e88c4e2700?t=1761727004499"}],"sources_scope":"context","derived_markers":[],"warnings":["year_inferred:EPA CTX / CalEPA:2021","unmapped_classification:US EPA (CompTox genotoxicity summary):epa comptox computed genotoxicity summary: negativ","unmapped_classification:US EPA (CompTox genotoxicity summary):epa comptox computed genotoxicity summary: negativ","unmapped_classification:Japan, as recorded by ToxValDB:eye irritation: category 2 (score: high)","unmapped_classification:Japan, as recorded by ToxValDB:skin irritation: category 2 (score: high)"],"meta":{"synthesis_version":"1.1.0","config_version":"1.1.0","n_sources":3,"db_version":48,"warnings":["year_inferred:EPA CTX / CalEPA:2021","unmapped_classification:US EPA (CompTox genotoxicity summary):epa comptox computed genotoxicity summary: negativ","unmapped_classification:US EPA (CompTox genotoxicity summary):epa comptox computed genotoxicity summary: negativ","unmapped_classification:Japan, as recorded by ToxValDB:eye irritation: category 2 (score: high)","unmapped_classification:Japan, as recorded by ToxValDB:skin irritation: category 2 (score: high)"]},"schema":"synthesis","_notice":"ALETHEIA output is reference data, not professional advice. Not a substitute for primary agency sources or qualified professionals. See https://aletheia.holisticquality.io/disclaimer.","_disclaimer_url":"https://aletheia.holisticquality.io/disclaimer","available_contexts":["human_adult","human_child","exposure_ingestion","human_teen","human_elderly","human_infant","human_pregnant"]}