{"hq_id":"hq-c-org-000166","name":"Oleandrin","context":"human_adult","risk_level":"high","schema":"legacy","note":"Synthesis unavailable: compound lacks vectorizable regulatory classifications. Raw safety data returned.","data":{"risk_level":"high","summary":"Oleandrin is the primary cardiac glycoside of Nerium oleander (common oleander), one of the most widely planted ornamental shrubs in Mediterranean climates, the US Southwest, California, and tropical regions globally. Like other cardiac glycosides, oleandrin inhibits Na+/K+-ATPase, causing increased intracellular calcium, impaired cardiac contractility, and conduction abnormalities (bradycardia, AV block, ventricular arrhythmias). Oleander poisoning in humans most frequently involves ingestion of leaves, flowers, or plant sap, or use of oleander smoke from burning green wood as a cooking fuel — the latter has caused documented mass poisoning events in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern regions. As few as 3–5 leaves can be lethal for a child; adult fatalities from oleander ingestion are documented globally. Clinical signs include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, hyperkalemia, cardiac arrhythmias, and circulatory collapse. Treatment involves digoxin-specific antibody Fab fragments (which cross-react with oleandrin), activated charcoal, cardiac monitoring, and atropine for bradycardia. ASPCA and poison control centers document oleander as one of the most common causes of severe plant cardiac glycoside poisoning in warm climates.","source_refs":["galey_1996_oleander_glycosides","aspca_oleander_toxicity"]},"meta":{"synthesis_version":"n/a","timestamp":"2026-05-01T19:40:55.517Z"}}