{"hq_id":"hq-c-mix-000087","name":"Trichophyton rubrum","context":"human_adult","risk_level":"low","schema":"legacy","note":"Synthesis unavailable: compound lacks vectorizable regulatory classifications. Raw safety data returned.","data":{"risk_level":"low","summary":"Trichophyton rubrum is the most common dermatophyte worldwide, responsible for an estimated 69-70% of all dermatophyte infections. It causes tinea pedis (athlete's foot), tinea cruris (jock itch), tinea corporis (ringworm), and tinea unguium (onychomycosis/fungal nail infection). Global prevalence of superficial fungal infections: 20-25% of the world population, making dermatophytosis one of the most common infectious diseases. T. rubrum is an anthropophilic species (human-adapted) that produces minimal inflammatory response compared to zoophilic dermatophytes, allowing chronic, persistent infections. Virulence factors: secreted proteases (keratinases, subtilisins) that degrade keratin in skin, hair, and nails. Infection is superficial (stratum corneum) and does not invade living tissue in immunocompetent hosts — deep dermatophytosis is extremely rare and occurs only in profound immunodeficiency. Treatment: topical azoles or terbinafine for skin infections; oral terbinafine or itraconazole for nail infections (12-week course, 70-80% cure rate). Terbinafine-resistant T. rubrum has been reported but remains uncommon. Economic burden is significant: onychomycosis alone costs >$1 billion/year in the US.","source_refs":["aletheia_fungi_batch_2026"]},"meta":{"synthesis_version":"n/a","timestamp":"2026-05-02T18:16:02.865Z"}}