{"hq_id":"hq-c-mix-000076","name":"(1->3)-beta-D-Glucan","context":"human_adult","risk_level":"moderate","schema":"legacy","note":"Synthesis unavailable: compound lacks vectorizable regulatory classifications. Raw safety data returned.","data":{"risk_level":"moderate","summary":"(1->3)-beta-D-Glucan (BDG) is a polysaccharide component of the cell wall of most fungi (except Mucorales and Cryptococcus, which have minimal BDG). It is a clinically validated biomarker for invasive fungal infection: the Fungitell assay (serum BDG >80 pg/mL) has sensitivity of 70-80% and specificity of 80% for invasive candidiasis and aspergillosis, and is included in EORTC/MSG diagnostic criteria. In indoor air, BDG is a biomarker for fungal biomass exposure: concentrations in water-damaged buildings range from 1-100 ng/m3, versus <1 ng/m3 in unaffected buildings. Immunologically, BDG is recognized by Dectin-1 receptor on macrophages and dendritic cells, activating NF-kB and triggering pro-inflammatory cytokine release (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6). Chronic inhalation exposure in occupational settings (cotton mills, grain elevators, composting facilities) is associated with byssinosis-like symptoms, airway inflammation, and reduced lung function. NIOSH has proposed BDG as an indoor air quality health endpoint. No formal occupational exposure limits exist; research-based threshold: 10 ng/m3 indoor air.","source_refs":["aletheia_fungi_batch_2026"]},"meta":{"synthesis_version":"n/a","timestamp":"2026-05-14T01:22:10.568Z"}}