{"hq_id":"hq-c-mix-000067","name":"PM2.5 (fine particulate matter)","context":"human_adult","timestamp":"2026-08-28T02:24:06.196Z","risk_level":"severe","risk_profile":{"magnitude":{"mean":0.800329,"weightedMean":0.800329,"std_dev":0.161993,"confidence_interval_95":[0.95,0.95],"source_positions":[{"source":"IARC","year":2021,"value":0.95,"weight":0.41},{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":0.625,"weight":0.35}]},"confidence":{"mean":0.672632,"weightedMean":0.672632,"std_dev":0.159501,"confidence_interval_95":[0.82,0.82],"source_positions":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":0.5,"weight":0.35},{"source":"IARC","year":2021,"value":0.82,"weight":0.41}]},"recency":{"mean":0.730263,"weightedMean":0.730263,"std_dev":0.24922,"confidence_interval_95":[1,1],"source_positions":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":1,"weight":0.35},{"source":"IARC","year":2021,"value":0.5,"weight":0.41}]},"methodology":{"mean":0.861842,"weightedMean":0.861842,"std_dev":0.149532,"confidence_interval_95":[1,1],"source_positions":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":0.7,"weight":0.35},{"source":"IARC","year":2021,"value":1,"weight":0.41}]},"specificity":{"mean":0.828289,"weightedMean":0.828289,"std_dev":0.084735,"confidence_interval_95":[0.92,0.92],"source_positions":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":0.92,"weight":0.35},{"source":"IARC","year":2021,"value":0.75,"weight":0.41}]},"consensus":{"exists":false,"strength":0,"disagreement_magnitude":0.339684,"warning":"limited_synthesis"}},"interpretation":{"summary":"Regulatory agencies show substantial disagreement. IARC classifies as higher risk (95th percentile), while HQ_DIRECT concludes lower risk (63th percentile).","confidence_note":"Moderate-quality evidence base.","context_note":null,"warning":"limited_synthesis"},"sources":[{"id":"iarc_outdoor_air_pollution_vol109_2016","type":"regulatory","title":"IARC Monographs Volume 109 (2016) — Outdoor Air Pollution Group 1 Carcinogenic to Humans + Particulate Matter as separate Group 1 entity (sufficient evidence for lung cancer; positive association with bladder cancer)","year":2016,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK368024/"},{"id":"epa_naaqs_pm25_2012","type":"regulatory","title":"US EPA National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for PM2.5 — primary annual standard 9.0 µg/m³ (revised Feb 2024, lowered from 12.0), 24-hour 35 µg/m³","year":2024,"url":"https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/national-ambient-air-quality-standards-naaqs-pm"},{"id":"who_global_aqg_pm25_2021","type":"regulatory","title":"WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines (2021 revision) — PM2.5 annual mean 5 µg/m³ recommended + 24-hour 15 µg/m³ recommended (strengthened from 2005 levels of 10 + 25)","year":2021,"url":"https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/345329"},{"id":"dockery_six_cities_pm25_1993","type":"study","title":"Dockery DW, Pope CA, Xu X et al. — An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities (canonical Six Cities cohort framework establishing PM2.5-mortality association, NEJM)","year":1993,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8179653/"},{"id":"pope_pm25_acs_cohort_2002","type":"study","title":"Pope CA, Burnett RT, Thun MJ et al. — Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution (American Cancer Society cohort, JAMA — IARC-109-driving framework)","year":2002,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11879110/"},{"id":"epa_isa_pm_2019","type":"regulatory","title":"US EPA Integrated Science Assessment (ISA) for Particulate Matter — Final Report, December 2019 (EPA/600/R-19/188): determined a 'likely to be causal' relationship between long-term PM2.5 exposure and lung cancer (upgraded from 'suggestive' in the 2009 PM ISA), and 'causal' relationships for cardiovascular and total mortality","year":2019}],"sources_scope":"record","warnings":["year_inferred:IARC:2021","unmapped_classification:EPA:criteria air pollutant under clean air act. naaqs:","unmapped_classification:WHO:air quality guideline 5 µg/m³ annual mean (2021)","unmapped_classification:EU:ambient air quality directive limit value 25 µg/m³","limited_synthesis"],"meta":{"synthesis_version":"1.1.0","config_version":"1.1.0","n_sources":2,"db_version":3,"warnings":["year_inferred:IARC:2021","unmapped_classification:EPA:criteria air pollutant under clean air act. naaqs:","unmapped_classification:WHO:air quality guideline 5 µg/m³ annual mean (2021)","unmapped_classification:EU:ambient air quality directive limit value 25 µg/m³"]},"schema":"synthesis","_notice":"ALETHEIA output is reference data, not professional advice. Not a substitute for primary agency sources or qualified professionals. See https://aletheia.holisticquality.io/disclaimer.","_disclaimer_url":"https://aletheia.holisticquality.io/disclaimer","available_contexts":["human_adult","human_child","occupational","human_teen","human_elderly","aquatic_life","human_infant","human_pregnant","exposure_dermal","exposure_inhalation","exposure_ingestion","exposure_ocular","occupational_exposure"]}