{"hq_id":"hq-c-ino-000067","name":"Nickel sulfamate","context":"human_adult","timestamp":"2026-08-28T02:24:22.115Z","risk_level":"severe","risk_profile":{"magnitude":{"mean":0.800329,"weightedMean":0.800329,"std_dev":0.161993,"confidence_interval_95":[0.95,0.95],"source_positions":[{"source":"IARC","year":2012,"value":0.95,"weight":0.41},{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":0.625,"weight":0.35}]},"confidence":{"mean":0.672632,"weightedMean":0.672632,"std_dev":0.159501,"confidence_interval_95":[0.82,0.82],"source_positions":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":0.5,"weight":0.35},{"source":"IARC","year":2012,"value":0.82,"weight":0.41}]},"recency":{"mean":0.730263,"weightedMean":0.730263,"std_dev":0.24922,"confidence_interval_95":[1,1],"source_positions":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":1,"weight":0.35},{"source":"IARC","year":2012,"value":0.5,"weight":0.41}]},"methodology":{"mean":0.861842,"weightedMean":0.861842,"std_dev":0.149532,"confidence_interval_95":[1,1],"source_positions":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":0.7,"weight":0.35},{"source":"IARC","year":2012,"value":1,"weight":0.41}]},"specificity":{"mean":0.828289,"weightedMean":0.828289,"std_dev":0.084735,"confidence_interval_95":[0.92,0.92],"source_positions":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":0.92,"weight":0.35},{"source":"IARC","year":2012,"value":0.75,"weight":0.41}]},"consensus":{"exists":false,"strength":0,"disagreement_magnitude":0.339684,"warning":"limited_synthesis"}},"interpretation":{"summary":"Regulatory agencies show substantial disagreement. IARC classifies as higher risk (95th percentile), while HQ_DIRECT concludes lower risk (63th percentile).","confidence_note":"Moderate-quality evidence base.","context_note":null,"warning":"limited_synthesis"},"sources":[{"id":"iarc_ni_vol100c_2012","type":"regulatory","title":"IARC Group 1 Nickel Compounds Vol 49 1990 Vol 100C 2012; Nickel Sulfamate Sulfamate Plating Bath Low-Stress Nickel; Clydach Kristiansand Sudbury Cohorts Lung Sinus Cancer; Epigenetic Hypermethylation Histone Modification Ni Carcinogenicity; REACH Authorisation List SVHC Nickel Compounds; Nickel Directive 94/27/EC REACH Annex XVII Skin Contact 0.5 μg/cm2/wk; EU CLP Carc 1A H350i H317 Skin Sens; EPA 40 CFR 413 Electroplating Effluent; WFD EQS 4 μg/L Nickel","year":2012,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK304378/"},{"id":"echa_nickel_compounds_svhc","type":"regulatory","title":"ECHA REACH SVHC Candidate List + Annex XIV Authorisation — Nickel Compounds (soluble Ni-salts including Ni-sulfamate; Carc. 1A + Repr. 1B + Resp. Sens. 1 + Skin Sens. 1 group framework)","year":2017,"url":"https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table"},{"id":"niosh_nickel_pocket_guide","type":"regulatory","title":"NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards — Nickel metal + soluble compounds (REL 0.015 mg Ni/m³ TWA; 'Ca' carcinogen + Sen sensitizer designation; electroplater + refinery + battery-cathode cohort framework)","year":2019,"url":"https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0445.html"},{"id":"osha_nickel_compounds_pel","type":"regulatory","title":"OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1000 Z-1 — Nickel metal + soluble compounds PEL 1 mg Ni/m³ TWA + Cal/OSHA 0.5 mg Ni/m³ stricter limit + 29 CFR 1926 construction-electroplating framework","year":2020,"url":"https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.1000"},{"id":"grimsrud_nickel_refinery_cohort","type":"study","title":"Grimsrud TK, Berge SR, Haldorsen T, Andersen A — Exposure to different forms of nickel and risk of lung cancer (canonical Kristiansand Falconbridge-refinery cohort framework driving IARC-100C nickel-compounds Group-1 reaffirmation)","year":2002,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12480657/"}],"sources_scope":"record","warnings":["unmapped_classification:EPA CTX / Genetox:genotoxicity: negative (single report) (ames: none","unmapped_classification:EPA CTX / Genetox:genotoxicity: negative (single report) (ames: none","limited_synthesis"],"meta":{"synthesis_version":"1.1.0","config_version":"1.1.0","n_sources":2,"db_version":38,"warnings":["unmapped_classification:EPA CTX / Genetox:genotoxicity: negative (single report) (ames: none","unmapped_classification:EPA CTX / Genetox:genotoxicity: negative (single report) (ames: none"]},"schema":"synthesis","_notice":"ALETHEIA output is reference data, not professional advice. Not a substitute for primary agency sources or qualified professionals. See https://aletheia.holisticquality.io/disclaimer.","_disclaimer_url":"https://aletheia.holisticquality.io/disclaimer","available_contexts":["human_adult","human_child","aquatic_life","human_teen","human_elderly","human_infant","human_pregnant","exposure_dermal","exposure_inhalation","exposure_ingestion","exposure_ocular","occupational_exposure"]}