{"hq_id":"hq-c-ino-000057","name":"Sodium bromate","context":"human_adult","timestamp":"2026-10-27T21:06:05.264Z","derived_by":{"label":"ALETHEIA-derived","engine":{"commit":"a1c6e861599cc34c5db0318ea1a7ac13a327e074","commit_source":"vercel_env","tree_clean":null},"params":{"sha256":"88ae43137e58ed0cd65588409efefee0d90253da01ef4459bf9ee25f888ec9a0","files":["axes.json","context-specificity.json","regulatory-mappings.json","synthesis-params.json","thresholds.json"]},"clock":{"year":2026},"inputs":[{"id":"hq-c-ino-000057","sha256":"4b2712ce0e5217d492c91980862c8f7cdd64e1508bd36eee43907ef21860b11a"}]},"risk_level":"high","risk_profile":{"magnitude":{"mean":0.565789,"weightedMean":0.565789,"std_dev":0.199376,"confidence_interval_95":[0.35,0.75],"source_positions":[{"source":"US EPA","year":2001,"value":0.75,"weight":0.41},{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":0.35,"weight":0.35}]},"confidence":{"mean":0.672632,"weightedMean":0.672632,"std_dev":0.159501,"confidence_interval_95":[0.5,0.82],"source_positions":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":0.5,"weight":0.35},{"source":"US EPA","year":2001,"value":0.82,"weight":0.41}]},"recency":{"mean":0.730263,"weightedMean":0.730263,"std_dev":0.24922,"confidence_interval_95":[0.5,1],"source_positions":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":1,"weight":0.35},{"source":"US EPA","year":2001,"value":0.5,"weight":0.41}]},"methodology":{"mean":0.861842,"weightedMean":0.861842,"std_dev":0.149532,"confidence_interval_95":[0.7,1],"source_positions":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":0.7,"weight":0.35},{"source":"US EPA","year":2001,"value":1,"weight":0.41}]},"specificity":{"mean":0.828289,"weightedMean":0.828289,"std_dev":0.084735,"confidence_interval_95":[0.75,0.92],"source_positions":[{"source":"HQ_DIRECT","year":2026,"value":0.92,"weight":0.35},{"source":"US EPA","year":2001,"value":0.75,"weight":0.41}]},"consensus":{"exists":false,"strength":0,"disagreement_magnitude":0.355331,"warning":"limited_synthesis"}},"interpretation":{"summary":"Regulatory agencies show substantial disagreement. US EPA classifies as higher risk (75th percentile), while HQ_DIRECT concludes lower risk (35th percentile).","confidence_note":"Moderate-quality evidence base.","context_note":null,"warning":"limited_synthesis"},"sources":[{"id":"iarc_bromate_monograph73_1999","type":"regulatory","title":"IARC Monograph Volume 73 1999: Potassium Bromate Group 2B; Rat Renal Tubular Carcinoma Peritoneal Mesothelioma Thyroid Tumors; 8-OHdG Oxidative DNA Damage; Genotoxic Mechanism; Bromate Anion Carcinogenicity","year":1999},{"id":"epa_bromate_d2dbpr_1998","type":"regulatory","title":"US EPA Stage 1 Disinfectants Disinfection Byproducts Rule 1998: Bromate MCL 10 μg/L MCLG 0; B2 Probable Carcinogen; Ozone-Bromide Reaction; Cancer Risk 5×10−4 at MCL; pH Depression NH3 Addition Bromate Control Strategies","year":1998,"url":"https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-1998-12-16/pdf/98-32887.pdf"},{"id":"niosh_bromates_pocket_guide","type":"regulatory","title":"NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards — Bromates (KBrO3 + NaBrO3 class; cosmetic-relaxer + photographic-developer + flour-improver historical cohort framework)","year":2019},{"id":"echa_sodium_bromate_clp","type":"regulatory","title":"ECHA CLP Harmonised Classification — Sodium bromate (Carc. 1B + Acute Tox. 4 oral; Ox. Sol. 1; Aquatic Chronic 3 — bromate-class shared with potassium-bromate framework)","year":2020},{"id":"kurokawa_bromate_renal_carcinogenesis_1990","type":"study","title":"Kurokawa Y, Maekawa A, Takahashi M, Hayashi Y — Toxicity and carcinogenicity of potassium bromate—a new renal carcinogen (canonical IARC-73-driving F344-rat renal-cell-carcinoma cohort framework + bromate-class extrapolation)","year":1990},{"id":"fda_bromates_cosmetic_hair_relaxer","type":"regulatory","title":"FDA Cosmetic Ingredient Review + Voluntary Industry Reduction — Sodium bromate + potassium bromate use in hair-relaxer + neutralizer-product cohort framework","year":2008},{"id":"epa_iris_bromate","type":"regulatory","title":"US EPA IRIS Assessment: Bromate (CASRN 15541-45-4), carcinogenicity assessment 2001","year":2001,"url":"https://iris.epa.gov/ChemicalLanding/&substance_nmbr=1002"},{"id":"r60-2026-09-26-d867-cc2-ecfr-40cfr141.64","type":"regulatory","title":"§ 141.64 Maximum contaminant levels for disinfection byproducts.","url":"https://www.ecfr.gov/api/versioner/v1/full/2026-09-24/title-40.xml?part=141&section=141.64"},{"id":"r60-2026-09-28-d899-s2-b02-epa-npdwr-table","type":"regulatory","title":"National Primary Drinking Water Regulations | US EPA","url":"https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/national-primary-drinking-water-regulations"},{"id":"r60-2026-09-29-d899-s2-b07x-epa-how-epa-regulates-drinking-water-contaminants","type":"regulatory","title":"How EPA Regulates Drinking Water Contaminants | US EPA","url":"https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/how-epa-regulates-drinking-water-contaminants"},{"id":"r60-2026-09-27-d899-who-gdwq-4th-ed-addenda-2026-pdftotext","type":"regulatory","title":"Guidelines for drinking-water quality: fourth edition incorporating the first, second and third addenda","url":"https://iris.who.int/server/api/core/bitstreams/c60cc28e-defe-45ed-b157-71fdd43902bf/content"},{"id":"r60-2026-09-26-d867-cc4-epa-dwsha-tables-2018","type":"regulatory","title":"2018 Edition of the Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories Tables (EPA 822-F-18-001)","url":"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2022-01/dwtable2018.pdf"},{"id":"echa-chem-reach-registrations","type":"regulatory","title":"ECHA CHEM, Download all substances: REACH registrations (ECHA's own list of REACH-registered substances)","year":2026,"url":"https://chem.echa.europa.eu/"},{"id":"src_pubchem_tox_23668195","type":"pubchem","title":"PubChem: Toxicity section (CID 23668195)","url":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/23668195/JSON?heading=Toxicity"},{"id":"r60-2026-10-02-d983-ac4-ctx-apis-data-domains","type":"regulatory","title":"Computational Toxicology and Exposure APIs: Data Domains (EPA CCTE)","url":"https://www.epa.gov/comptox-tools/computational-toxicology-and-exposure-apis-data-domains"},{"id":"r60-2026-10-02-d983-ac4-ctx-dashboard-release-notes","type":"regulatory","title":"CompTox Chemicals Dashboard: Release Notes (EPA)","url":"https://www.epa.gov/chemical-research/comptox-chemicals-dashboard-release-notes"},{"id":"pubchem-computed-cid-23668195","type":"database","title":"PubChem computed properties for CID 23668195 (computed, not measured; as recorded by PubChem)","year":2026,"url":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/23668195"},{"id":"pubchem-exp-hazardous-substances-data-bank-cid-23668195","type":"database","title":"Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), as recorded by PubChem (Experimental Properties, CID 23668195; where-to-look, not a source of this value)","year":2026,"url":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/23668195/JSON?heading=Experimental+Properties"},{"id":"pubchem-exp-pac-chemical-database-u-s-department-of--cid-23668195","type":"database","title":"PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy, as recorded by PubChem (Experimental Properties, CID 23668195; where-to-look, not a source of this value)","year":2026,"url":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/23668195/JSON?heading=Experimental+Properties"},{"id":"r60-2026-10-08-2026-10-08-d972-oehha-bromate-listing-notice-2002","type":"regulatory","title":"OEHHA notice: bromate added to the Prop 65 list, May 31, 2002 (operator save)","url":"https://oehha.ca.gov/sites/default/files/media/downloads/proposition-65/chemicals/53102p65not.pdf"},{"id":"r60-2026-10-08-2026-10-08-d972-oehha-bromate-noil-2001","type":"regulatory","title":"OEHHA notice of intent to list bromate, Feb 9, 2001 (operator save)","url":"https://oehha.ca.gov/sites/default/files/media/downloads/crnr/noilpkg19a1bromate.pdf"},{"id":"r60-2026-10-08-d972-oehha-bromate-correction-2002","type":"regulatory","title":"OEHHA notice to interested parties June 28, 2002: correction of the CAS number for bromate (operator save)","url":"https://oehha.ca.gov/sites/default/files/media/downloads/crnr/62802notcorrection.pdf"},{"id":"pubchem-computed-structure-cid-23668195","type":"database","title":"PubChem computed structure descriptors for CID 23668195 (computed, not measured; as recorded by PubChem)","year":2026,"url":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/23668195"}],"sources_scope":"record","derived_markers":[],"warnings":["unmapped_classification:US EPA (CompTox genotoxicity summary):epa comptox computed genotoxicity summary: positiv","unmapped_classification:US EPA (CompTox genotoxicity summary):epa comptox computed genotoxicity summary: positiv","limited_synthesis"],"meta":{"synthesis_version":"1.1.0","config_version":"1.1.0","n_sources":2,"db_version":41,"warnings":["unmapped_classification:US EPA (CompTox genotoxicity summary):epa comptox computed genotoxicity summary: positiv","unmapped_classification:US EPA (CompTox genotoxicity summary):epa comptox computed genotoxicity summary: positiv"]},"schema":"synthesis","_notice":"ALETHEIA output is reference data, not professional advice. Not a substitute for primary agency sources or qualified professionals. See https://aletheia.holisticquality.io/disclaimer.","_disclaimer_url":"https://aletheia.holisticquality.io/disclaimer","available_contexts":["human_adult","human_child","aquatic_life","human_teen","human_elderly","human_infant","human_pregnant","exposure_dermal","exposure_inhalation","exposure_ingestion","exposure_ocular","occupational_exposure"]}